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Abstract
Problem-solving skills are essential competencies that students must possess in order to solve mathematical problems, particularly on the topic of fractions, through four main stages: understanding the problem, planning the solution, solving the problem, and checking the results. The purpose of this study is to analyze the mathematical problem-solving abilities of fifth-grade students on fraction topics using the ex post facto method. Data were collected through a descriptive problem-solving test consisting of 8 questions. The results of the study indicate that, on average, students are able to solve mathematical problems effectively, with the understanding of the problem being categorized as very high, while the implementation of problem-solving strategies is categorized as low. Overall, although students are able to understand the problem well, their ability to implement the solution plan is still considered moderate, indicating difficulty in effectively applying problem-solving strategies. Based on these findings, it can be concluded that students' problem-solving abilities vary, with many students still needing reinforcement in implementing solution strategies.
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